Samsung said yesterday that its new Galaxy Watch 4 has a capability that can calculate body fat percentage and muscle composition. It joins Amazon, which has a body fat percentage option in its Halo Band, as the latest tech business to offer a body composition tool.
Body fat is a stronger indicator of health than weight, but itโs commonly assessed using a crude and imprecise calculation called the body mass index (BMI). If wearables prove to be accurate, they could provide people with a better tool to track their health, according to Diana Thomas, a mathematician at West Point who researches bodyweight management.
The Galaxy uses a technology called bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), which delivers a weak electric current across the body to determine body composition. Itโs estimating the amount of water in the body; the signal travels faster through tissue with higher water content. The approach can determine how much fat is present in a personโs body because fat has a higher water content than muscle.
According to Thomas, the BIA can provide an estimate of body fat, but it has limits, as he explained in an email to The Verge. The quantity of water in the body and body fat do not have a precise one-to-one ratio, and the amount of water in the body changes with time, she explained.
Exercise, for example, or drinking a lot of water might cause it to rise and fall. According to one study, BIA exaggerated body fat when taken shortly after drinking about two cups of water.
The current is sent through the soles of the feet (like a smart scale) or through the palms in most commercial devices that use BIA to track body composition. The sensors were reduced to fit on the back of the watch by Samsung. In January 2021, the companyโs Healthcare Sensor Lab issued a report explaining the technique. The watch, two different BIA devices, and a device that employs dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were used to examine the body composition of 203 persons in the study โ a type of X-ray that displays fat distribution across the body and is regarded as the gold standard for determining body composition.
The smartwatch was confirmed to be accurate when compared to the DXA measurement. Its estimates were also marginally more accurate than one of the two other BIA devices when compared to the DXA measurement. According to Thomas, the watch looks to work as well as a smart scale in this investigation. Based on the knowledge she has so far, she still wouldnโt utilize it in research investigations because the potential error rate calculated in the study is too high. โFor a personal touchpoint, it might be okay,โ she told The Verge in an email.
Samsungโs method differs from Amazonโs Haloโs body composition analysis feature. To begin with, the Halo only measures body fat, not muscle. Its software instructs users to take images of their bodies, which it then stitches together into a 3D image that can be used to measure body fat percentage. According to an Amazon-funded study, the technology also gets a more accurate measure of body fat than the DXA.
At the very least, both applications appear to calculate body fat percentage better than BMI. Even though BMI is often deceptive, it is commonly used to drive medical decision-making, which can distort the diagnosis of some disorders and perpetuate weight-based stigma in healthcare. It is, however, employed since it is inexpensive and simple. The majority of people do not have access to the more precise and costly devices.
More research is needed to determine how trustworthy wearables can be in a real-world scenario. They are, however, simple to use and inexpensive. If they are capable of detecting trends in peopleโs body composition that may have an impact on their health, these health measures may become more accessible.